我国阀门技术至少比发达国家落后10年

译文：
阀门在机械产品中占有相当大的比重，据国外工业发达国家统计，阀门的产值是压缩机、风机和泵三者的总和，约占整个机械工业产值的5%。同时，作为重大技术装备的重要组成部分，尤其是在电力、石化、冶金、城市供排水系统中，阀门更是起着关键作用，而且用量非常大。目前，我国阀门企业约6000余家，其中年产值超过500万元的有900家。 在谈到我国阀门行业的现状时，北京市市政工程设计研究总院教授级高级工程师王光杰、张延蕙认为，虽然我国从事阀门生产的企业很多，但多属中小企业。少数小企业既无图纸，也无工艺，更没有技术人员，产品不符合国家标准，甚至生产假冒伪劣产品，严重扰乱了阀门市场，也浪费了宝贵的资源。不少大的国有企业面临着包袱重、资金困难、技术陈旧的问题，又没有力量进行技术改造和投资新项目。阀门技术与国际先进水平大概相差10年左右，比如一些高温高压和耐强腐蚀的产品无法生产，海洋石油开采使用的阀门要求10~15年不泄漏，我们也基本达不到这种要求。长途管道输送主线还都用的是国外产品，国内产品只能用在支线上。 据了解，我国现有专业研究所2个， 厂办研究所12个，从事阀门研究及产品开发的科研人员约6000人， 一个部级检测中心和两个分中心， 能进行安全阀、疏水阀和通用阀门的性能试验， 但缺乏对高性能参数、高温参数的动态模拟试验手段和测试设备。阀门行业科研机构较少， 科研人数不到职工人数的10% ，科研开发能力较弱，目前基本停留在经验设计的方法上。或者说，仍然只能参照国外的一些结构和样机， 进行一些消化吸收工作， 真正的产品开发工作也很少。 而从国外阀门行业技术水平现状看，有关资料表明，几十年来， 随着大型成套装置技术的发展， 国外出现了一系列新的成套设备和样机，与之配套的阀门也表现为大型化、高参数化、自动化和成套化。而且系列新品种还在不断增加。如紧急切断阀、快速关闭阀、防火阀和水冷阀等。阀门基本参数有很大的提高，如闸阀最大口径达到4200mm ， 温度1050 ℃， 压力为105MPa 。球阀3050mm ，温度1200 ℃，压力70MPa。且国外阀门产品， 品种多， 性能好， 密封可靠， 寿命较长。如球阀能达到10 万次以上无泄漏。铸铁闸阀开关3万次， 动作可靠， 开关迅速。 近几年来， 国外阀门科研院所的发展较快， 仅美国就有近30个研究所， 一般为公司所属。例如Rockwell 公司有一个十分完善的科研与测试基地， 能对产品进行热态、动态、耐磨、抗震、防火和可靠性等多方面的性能测试。有限元法和计算机辅助设计得到广泛应用， 使阀门的结构设计更趋于合理。 相比之下，我国阀门行业的技术相对落后，阀门产品主要集中于中低端市场，对于高端产品的研发水平不高。差距主要表现在：目前国内阀门行业技术水平只相当于国外90 年代初的水平。成套水平低，如目前仅能满足20~30万kW 的火电站和45万t/a乙烯装置配套用阀。而60万kW的火电站用阀，70万t/a甚至100万t/a 乙烯装置用阀，仍然需大量进口。 业内人士透露，世界范围内，阀门的驱动装置品种多(电动、气动、液动、电-液联动或气-液联动等) ， 规格齐全，安全可靠。近几年来，又发展了智能型的驱动装置， 在这一方面， 国内还是空白。国内阀门行业总体上与国外的差距比较大。表现在技术上，产品设计落后，多年不变，新产品开发能力弱， 规格品种少，不能满足各行各业的工艺要求。产品在跟踪国外技术发展，工艺发展上下的功夫不够，制造工艺较落后。 　　

“ China Valves Technology at least 10 years behind than the developed countries ”是由中国疏水阀网提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国疏水阀网还提供相关产品搜索：疏水阀型号、疏水阀价格、疏水阀技术、疏水阀新闻、疏水阀生产商等。

原文：
Valve in mechanical products occupy a large proportion of the foreign industrial countries, according to statistics, the output value is the valve compressors, fans and pumps added together, the whole machinery industry output value accounted for about 5%. At the same time, major technical equipment as an important part, especially in the electricity, petrochemical, metallurgy, urban water supply and drainage system, the valve is also plays a key role, but the amount is very large. At present, about 6,000 more than the valve, of which more than 5 million yuan of annual output value has 900. Speaking about the current situation of China's valve industry, the Beijing Municipal Engineering Design Institute senior engineer Guangjie, Zhang Yanhui that, although the valve manufacturing enterprise engaged in many, but mostly small and medium enterprises. A few small businesses have neither the drawings, and no process and no PLUG VALVES technical staff, the product does not meet national standards, and even the production of fake and shoddy products, seriously disrupting the valve market, but also a waste of valuable resources. Many large state-owned enterprises are facing heavy burdens, financial difficulties, technological obsolescence of the problem, and no effort on technological improvements and investment in new projects. Valve technology and the international advanced level difference of about 10 years, such as a number of high temperature and pressure, and strong corrosion resistance can not manufacture the products, marine valves used in oil requirements from 10 to 15 years does not leak, we basically can not satisfy . Long-distance pipeline transportation is the main line also have to use foreign products, domestic products can only be used on the extension. It is understood that China's current professional research 2, factories, institutes, 12 research and product development in the valve researchers about 6,000 people, a ministry inspection center and two sub-centers, to conduct safety valve, hydrophobic General performance of valves and valve testing, but the lack of high-performanceMUD VALVES parameters, temperature parameters of the dynamic simulation test tools and test equipment. Less valve industry research institutes, research the number of fewer than 10% of staff, research and development capacity is weak, the current design of the basic experience of staying in the methods. Or, still only refer to some of the foreign structure and prototype, some digestion and absorption of work, the real product development are few. Technology from abroad, the level of present situation of the valve industry, the data indicate that several decades, as large sets of device technology, a series of new foreign complete set of equipment and prototypes, accompanying the performance of the large valve is also , high parameters, automation and complete sets of. And the series of new varieties is growing. Such as emergency shut-off valve, quick closing valves, fire dampers and water valve. Valves have greatly improved the basic parameters, such as the gate to reach the maximum diameter 4200mm, temperature 1050 ℃, pressure of 105MPa. Ball 3050mm, temperature 1200 ℃, pressure 70MPa. And foreign valve products, variety, good performance, reliable sealing, longer life expectancy. Such as the ball can be more than 10 million without leakage. Cast iron gate valve switch 3 million times, and reliability, switch quickly. In recent years, the development of scientific research institutes abroad valve quickly, the United States alone there are nearly 30 research institutes, generally for the company-owned. Companies such as Rockwell has a very good base for scientific research and testing, the product can be hot, dynamic, wearable, earthquake, fire, and reliability and other aspects of the performance test. Finite element method and widely used computer-aided design, structural design of the valve tends to be more reasonable. In contrast, China's valve industry, the technology is relatively backward, valve products are mainly concentrated in the low-end market for high-end product development level is not high. Gap between the main problems: the current technical level of domestic valve industry is equivalent to the level of the early 90s abroad. Complete set of low level, such as the present can only meet 20 to 300 000 kW of power plant and 450,000 t / a ethylene unit auxiliary valves. And 600,000 kW of power plant valves, 700 000 t / a even one million t / a ethylene plantREDUCING VALVES with a valve, still need to import large quantities. Industry sources, around the world, many varieties of valve drive (electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, electro - hydraulic linkage or gas - liquid interaction, etc.), complete specifications, safety and reliability. In recent years, has developed a smart drive device, in this regard, domestic or blank. Domestic valve industry in general and the relatively large gap between the foreign. Performance in technology, product design and backward, unchanged for years, the weak ability of new product development, specifications less in variety, can not meet the technical requirements of all walks of life. Products in tracking foreign technology development, technology development up and down the skill is not enough manufacturing process is relatively backward.