低温液体泵的故障原因以及排除方法

译文：
一、低温液体泵的故障原因及排除方法 ： 原因1、泵开动后，出口压力升不上 ⑴叶轮旋转方向不符。 ⑵泵未充分予冷，泵内有气体。 排除1： ⑴电机输入线两相接线对调 ⑵继续冷却，并打开防气阀或调整密封气压力。 原因 2、泵的扬程或流量不足。 ⑴电机转速不足。 ⑵叶轮管道淤塞。 ⑶由于密封气压过大，有过量的气进入泵内。 排除2： ⑴增加转速。 ⑵清洗。 ⑶调节密封气压力。 原因3、液体吸不上，指示压力剧烈跳动 ⑴管道阀未开或管道阻力大。 ⑵管道漏。 排除3： ⑴打开或清洗。 ⑵修理 原因 4、电机温升高。 ⑴电机毛病。 ⑵叶轮口环已擦。 ⑶迷宫密封已碰擦。 排除4： ⑴电工修理。 ⑵调整间隙。 ⑶调整间隙。 原因 5、突然停车 ⑴密封气压力低连锁。 ⑵轴承内卡死。 排除5： ⑴调整压力。 ⑵清洗或更换。 原因 6、发生振动或噪音 ⑴机身与转子不同心。 ⑵泵进口压力过低或其它原因而产生气蚀。 ⑶运动件与固定件产生摩擦 ⑷转子零件松动。 排除6： ⑴调整 ⑵调整压力，放气。 ⑶校正 ⑷检 二、 几起液体泵事故分析 (1)改造投产初次调氩，开西号氩泵时，出口压力怎么也上不去，采用充分予冷，变频调速为最高，过滤网检查，穿墙进出口管隔热检查、处理等方法也没有效果，厂家现场调试人员也束手无策。改开东号氩泵，压力很快上去，运行正常。后检修扒塔，发现西号氩泵进口管道设计不合理，弯头太多，本来粗氩Ⅱ塔塔釜就低，这样氩泵进口NPSH达不到设计值，出口压力上不去。对进口管改造，减少弯头。再启动，一切正常。 (2)因氩泵出口管顶部开裂，停车检修后，再启动，发现氩泵运行不久，压力就掉下来，加温反吹后，再启动，仍是如此，把Ⅱ塔塔釜液体全排净，重新积液，氩泵仍不能正常运行。最后扒氩泵小保冷箱，去掉进口过滤器网，问题得以解决。分析认为，Ⅱ塔内进入珠光砂的原因是：氩泵出口管顶部开裂，停车后，漏进珠光砂，再流到粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部，加温时通过馏分气管道流进粗氩Ⅱ塔。 (3)氩泵密封气开始选用压力氮气，不久发现密封系统混合气排放管有液体排出，分析认为密封气堵塞，用微量水分析仪分析压力氮气，发现含水量近1000PPm，这些水是由于活塞氮压机冷却水钢套不严密漏进的，问题原因得以找到。密封气改用仪表空气后，氩泵运行正常。 (4)首次改造，采用取消精氩塔流程，精液氩中微量氮纯度一直不合格，怀疑是密封气渗漏造成的，研究决定密封气改用氩泵出口压力氩，结果精液氩仍不合格，密封气又改回仪表气。最后进行二期改造，增设精氩塔后，精液氩合格。 (5)今年8月初，正在运行的东氩泵发现漏夜，改用西氩泵，启动时，转速只能调到2900转／分，泵出口压力为0.58Mpa左右，液体打不上粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部。电工咨询厂家后，重新调试变频器，转速达到3600转／分，泵出口压力升为0.8Mpa，液体可顺利打入Ⅰ塔顶部。 三、 液体泵突停对空分系统的影响 液氧吸附器用液氧泵的突停对空分系统影响不大，主要须注意的是安全方面，要采取主冷液氧危险杂质勤分析，加强液氧排放等措施。有些液体泵突停对空分系统影响很大，(1)无氢制氩流程中的循环粗液氩泵突停，粗氩冷凝器仍在工作，液化的大量液体积攒在粗氩Ⅱ塔底部，不能回到粗氩Ⅰ塔参加精馏，再回到上塔，这样会使粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部含氧迅速升高，主冷液氧液位大幅降低，主冷液氧液位过低一是不利于安全；二是换热面积减小，空气吃不近来，氧产量下降，使主工况波动很大。(2)上下塔分开流程中的循环液氧泵突停，液氧大量积攒在上塔底部，不能回到主冷，也会使主冷液氧液位大幅降低，结果同上，同时也可能发生氮塞。所以对这两种流程，泵若突停，要迅速恢复；正常倒泵，也要小心操作，保证流量稳定不间断(无氢制氩流程液氩量突然增大，会污染主冷液氧，氧气纯度下降，甚至氮塞。)。(3)对于内压缩流程液体泵突停，会影响产品氧、氮、氩的供应。下面就液氩泵倒泵操作谈几点体会： 首先合理的循环氩泵流程对泵的安全运行及顺利倒泵很重要，图4所示流程比较合理，每台氩泵各有一条独立的进口管，以确保予冷、倒换备用泵时不影响运行泵；过滤器、补偿器、止回阀、安全阀的设置如前所述；另外氩泵出口回流管道不能太细，否则全回流时泵的压力过高，不利于泵的安全；加温阀要装在泵后，以保证加温时，能把过滤器上的杂质吹除干净。目前比较先进的流程是，两台液体泵一用一备，备用泵处于冷态低速运行，当主泵故障停机后，备用泵能够立即投入正常运转，使整套装置的运行不受影响。 正确的倒泵操作是：对备用泵进行予冷、启动，如第五项“离心式液体泵的启动”所述进行，须注意的是，因为予冷要消耗一定的含氩98%左右粗液氩，去粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部调节阀会自动关小，粗氩Ⅰ塔的回流比降低，使粗氩纯度变坏，微量氧上升，因此，予冷时要相应降低粗氩产量，以保持纯度稳定。另外备用泵启动好后，立即停运行泵，注意要保证去粗氩Ⅰ塔流量稳定，不要大幅波动，否则会影响主塔工况。

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原文：
1, cryogenic liquid pump failure cause and troubleshooting: Reason 1, the pump is activated, the outlet pressure is not on the rise ⑴ not match the direction of impeller rotation. ⑵ not sufficient to cool the pump, pump has gas. Exclude 1: ⑴ motor swap input line two-phase wiring ⑵ continue to cool, and open the anti-sealing valve or adjust the air pressure. Cause 2, the pump head or inadequate flow. ⑴ lack of motor speed. ⑵ impeller blocked pipes. ⑶ as sealing pressure is too large, there is an excessive amount of air into the pump. Exclude 2: ⑴ increase in speed. ⑵Self-priming magnetic pumps cleaning. ⑶ seal air pressure regulator. Reason 3, liquid smoke is not on the direct pressure of severe beating ⑴ pipe valve to open or pipe resistance is not large. ⑵ pipeline leak. Exclude 3: ⑴ open or cleaning. ⑵ repair Reason 4, the motor temperature rise. ⑴ motor problems. ⑵ impeller Sandy Bay has been rubbed. ⑶ labyrinth seals have been grazing. Exclude 4: ⑴ electrical repair. ⑵ adjustment gap. ⑶ adjustment gap. 5 reasons for a sudden stop ⑴ low air pressure sealed chain. ⑵ bearing stuck. Exclude 5: ⑴ adjustment pressures. ⑵ cleaning or replacement. 6 reasons, vibration or noise occurs ⑴ fuselage and rotor misalignment. ⑵ pump inlet pressure is too low or otherwise arising from cavitation. ⑶ moving parts and fittings create friction ⑷ Rotor parts looseness. 6 excluded: ⑴ ⑵ adjustment to adjust the pressure, gas discharge. ⑶ correction ⑷ review Second, several incidents of liquid pumps (1) transformation of the initial transfer of argon into operation, to open the West No. argon pump, the outlet pressure of how also do not increase, with full to the cold, the highest frequency control, filter checking, import and export of pipe through the wall insulation inspection, processing methods no effect, factory workers has failed to live debugging. Change opened the East No. argon pump up the pressure quickly, running normal. Grilled tower after the overhaul, found West No. argon pump inlet piping design unreasonable, elbow too much, otherwise the crude argon Ⅱ tower kettle on low, so that argon pump NPSH not reach the design value of imports and exports do not increase the pressure. Transformation of the inlet tube to reduce the elbow. Restart, everything is normal. (2) the argon pump outlet pipe at the top of cracking, parking maintenance, then start running soon discovered argon pump, the pressure to fall, heating after cleaning, re-start, still is, the liquid whole tower kettle Ⅱ row of the net, re-effusion, argon pump can not function properly. Finally Pa argon pump cold box small security, remove the inlet filter network, the problem is resolved. Analysis, Ⅱ pearl tower into the sand because: argon pump outlet pipe at the top of cracking, parking, the leakage into the pearlescent sand, and then flow to the top of the crude argon column Ⅰ, when the heat flow through fraction into the crude argon gas pipeline Ⅱ tower. (3) argon pump seal began to use the pressure of nitrogen gas, and soon found that the mixture discharge pipe sealing system with liquid drained of gas plug that seals with a trace of water pressure nitrogen analyzer and found that water content near 1000PPm, the water is due to piston nitrogen compressor cooling water leak into the steel sleeve is not tight, the cause of the problem can be found. Sealed Air to switch instruments air, argon pump operating normally. (4) The first transformation, with cancellation of fine argon flow, semen trace nitrogen in argon purityCQF series magnetic drive pump has failed, suspected to be caused by sealing air leaks, researchers decided to use argon gas sealed pump outlet pressure argon, argon results of semen still pass it back to seal gas meter gas. Finally, Phase transformation, after additional fine argon, argon semen pass. (5) early in August this year, is running the East argon pump was found overnight, switch to the West argon pump starts, speed can only be transferred to 2900 r / min, pump outlet pressure 0.58Mpa about playing without the crude liquid argon Ⅰ tower top. Electrician manufacturers, the re-commissioning converter, speed up to 3600 r / min, pump outlet pressure rose to 0.8Mpa, the liquid can smoothly enter the tower at the top of Ⅰ. 3, liquid pump suddenly stopped on the impact of air separation system Used for liquid oxygen liquid oxygen adsorption pump suddenly stopped little effect on the air separation system, the main should be noted that security should be taken to the main cold liquid oxygen handling of hazardous impurities, and other measures to enhance oxygen emissions. Some of the liquid pump stops suddenly a great impact on the air separation system, (1) hydrogen-free argon flow in the circle suddenly stop pumping crude liquid argon, the crude argon condenser are still working, liquefaction of the large amount of liquid accumulated in the bottom of the crude argon column Ⅱ can not return to participate in the crude argon distillation column Ⅰ, and then back to the tower, it would be Ⅰ crude argon column at the top of the rapid increase in oxygen, the main cold liquid oxygen level significantly lower, the main cold liquid oxygen level is too low One is not conducive to security; second heat transfer area decreases, the air is not eating recently, oxygen production decreased, so that the main volatile conditions. (2) separate processes in the upper and lower tower pump suddenly stopped circulating liquid oxygen, liquid oxygen on the tower at the bottom of a large number of accumulated and can not return to the main cold, it will significantly reduce the primary cooling liquid oxygen level, the results ibid., it may also occur N plug. So these two processes, the pump if the sudden stop to the rapid recovery; normal down pump, must be careful operation to ensure stable and continuous flow of (hydrogen-free argon volume of liquid argon flow increases suddenly, will pollute the main cold liquid oxygen, decreased oxygen purity, or even blocked by nitrogen.). (3) within the compression process for the liquid pump suddenly stopped, would affect the product oxygen, nitrogen, argon supplies. The following pump down the liquid argon pump operation understandings: First of all reasonable circulation pump argon flow on the safe operation of the pump and smooth down the pump is important, a more reasonable process shown in Figure 4, each have a separate pump argon inlet tube, to ensure to the cold, switching does not affect the standby pump to run when pump; filter, compensator, check valve, safetyFluoroplastic magnetic pumps valve settings mentioned above; another argon pump return pipe can not be too thin, or full back pressure too high when the pump is not conducive to the safety of the pump; heating valve to be installed after the pump to ensure the heating, the impurities in the filter can be cleaned with blowing. The current process is more advanced, both with a preparation of a liquid pump, spare pump in cold low-speed operation, when the main pump downtime, the standby pump can immediately put into normal operation, so that the entire package runs. Right down pump action is: the standby pump to the cold start, such as the fifth "centrifugal liquid pump start" as described, should be noted that, because I want to consume a certain cold with about 98% of liquid crude argon argon to the top of the crude argon column Ⅰ regulating valve will automatically close a small, crude argon tower Ⅰ reflux ratio decreased to deteriorate the purity of the crude argon, trace oxygen increased, so cold when I lower the yield of the crude argon to maintain the purity and stability . Another good standby pump starts immediately after the pumps stop running, make sure to pay attention to the crude argon column Ⅰ flow stability, not volatility, otherwise the condition will affect the main tower.