安全阀使用知识

译文：
安全阀作用原理： 安全阀用在锅炉、压力容器等受压设备及系统上，起超压（或负压）时保护设备用，安全阀在保护受压设备出现异常压力时，安全阀能自动开启和排放，可有效防止保护受压设备的压力继续升高，当压力降低到规定值时，安全阀自动关闭。从而保护设备、容器或管路系统的安全运行。 弹簧式安全阀的动作性能参数（ GB12241 ） 介质（用途） 性能参数 液体介质 （容器设备） 气体介质 （容器设备） 蒸汽动力锅炉 直流锅炉、再热器 和其它蒸汽设备 整定压力偏差δ P s Ps <0.5MPa 时，δ Ps 为 ± 0.014 Ps ≥ 0.5MPa 时，δ Ps 为 ± 3 ℅ Ps Ps <0.5MPa 时 δ Ps 为 ± 0.014 Ps <0.5~2.3MPa 时 δ Ps 为 ± 3 ℅ Ps Ps=2.3~7.0MPa 时 δ Ps 为 ± 0.07 Ps>7.0MPa 时 δ Ps 为 ± 1 ℅ Ps 排放压力 P dr 1.2 × Ps 1.1 × Ps 1.03 × Ps 启闭压差△ Pbl Ps ≤ 0.3MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 0.06 Ps ≤ 0.2 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 0.03 Ps ≤ 0.4 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 0.03 Ps ≤ 0.4 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 0.04 Ps > 0.3 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 20 ℅ Ps Ps > 0.2 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 15 ℅ Ps Ps > 0.4 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 7 ℅ Ps Ps > 0.4 MPa 时 , Δ Pbl ≤ 10 ℅ Ps 订购时请注明整定压力范围或整定压力值 MPa 公称压力 MPa 整 定 压 力 范 围 MPa 1.6 0.06～0.1 0.1～0.16 0.16～0.25 0.25～0.4 0.4～0.6 0.6～0.8 0.8～1.0 1.0～1.3 1.3～1.6 2.5 1.3～1.6 1.6～2.0 2.0～2.5 4.0 1.3～1.6 1.6～2.0 2.0～2.5 2.5～3.2 3.2～4.0 6.4 2.5～3.2 3.2～4.0 4.0～5.0 5.0～6.4 10.0 4.0～5.0 5.0～6.4 6.4～8.0 8.0～10.0 16.0 10～13 13～16 32.0 16～19 19～22 22～25 25～29 29～32 弹簧式安全阀的主要零件材料 零件名称 阀 体 材 料 代 号 C I P V R 阀体、阀盖 WCB ZGCr5M 0 ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti ZG12CrMoV 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti 阀瓣、阀杆 2Cr13 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18N12Mo2T 导向套、反冲盘 2Cr13 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18N12Mo2T 密封面材料 钴基合金 钴基合金 钴基合金 钴基合金 钴基合金 弹 簧 50CrVA 50CrVA 50CrVA （包覆氟塑料） 50CrVA 50CrVA（包覆氟塑料） 弹簧式安全阀运行中常见故障及消除方法 故障现象 原 因 分 析 及 消 除 方 法 阀门泄漏 • 在保证安装正确情况下，可能密封面间夹有杂物。可手动将阀门开启几次，把脏物冲去。 • 密封面损伤，应根据密封面损伤程度，对密封面进行研磨修复。 • 由于装配不当或管道载荷等原因，使零件同心度遭到破坏，应重新装配。 • 阀门整定压力与设备正常工作压力太接近，导致密封面比压力过低。应对开启压力进行适当调整。 • 弹簧松弛，由于高温或腐蚀等原因造成，应更换弹簧。若是调整不当，则应重新校验。 阀门启闭不清脆 • 调节圈调整不当，应重新加以调整。调整方法按产品使用说明书。 • 内部运动零件有卡阻现象，可能是由于装配不当，脏物混入或零件腐蚀等原因所造成，应查明原因消除之。 • 排放管道阻力过大，使阀门开启不足，排放管道应水平布置。 开启压力值变化 • 工作温度变化引起。可通过适当旋紧调节螺杆加以调整，也可选用带散热器的安全阀。 • 弹簧腐蚀引起，应当选用表面包覆氟塑料的弹簧。 • 背压变动引起 • 内部运动零件有卡阻现象 阀门振荡 • 阀门排放能力过大，应选用额定排量接近于设备的必须排放量。 • 进口管道口径太小或阻力太大。 • 排放管道阻力太大。 • 弹簧刚度过大，应选用刚度较小的弹簧 • 调节圈调整不当，使回座压力过高，应重新调整调节圈的位置。

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原文：
Safety valve principle: Valves used in boilers, pressure vessels, pressure equipment and systems, from over-pressure (or vacuum), the protective equipment use, safety valve in the protection of compression equipment, abnormal pressure, valve will automatically open and discharge can be effectively prevent the pressure to protect pressure equipment continues to rise, when the pressure is reduced to the specified value, the valve automatically closes. To protect the equipment, container or piping system, safe operation. Spring-type safetyA48SC Type Pound-grade full lift spring loaded safety valve valve action performance parameters (GB12241) Media (use) Parameters Liquids (Container equipment) Gas medium (Container equipment) Steam power boiler Once-through boiler, reheater, And other steam equipment Tuning pressure deviation δ P s Ps <0.5MPa when, δ Ps of ± 0.014 Ps ≥ 0.5MPa when, δ Ps of ± 3 ℅ Ps Ps <0.5MPa when δ Ps of ± 0.014 Ps <0.5 ~ 2.3MPa when δ Ps of ± 3 ℅ Ps Ps = 2.3 ~ 7.0MPa when δ Ps of ± 0.07 Ps> 7.0MPa when δ Ps of ± 1 ℅ Ps Discharge pressure P dr 1.2 × Ps 1.1 × Ps 1.03 × Ps Open and close pressure △ Pbl Ps ≤ 0.3MPa time, Δ Pbl ≤ 0.06 Ps ≤ 0.2 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 0.03 Ps ≤ 0.4 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 0.03 Ps ≤ 0.4 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 0.04 Ps> 0.3 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 20 ℅ Ps Ps> 0.2 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 15 ℅ Ps Ps> 0.4 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 7 ℅ Ps Ps> 0.4 MPa, when, Δ Pbl ≤ 10 ℅ Ps When ordering, please specify pressure range setting or setting of the pressure value MPa Nominal pressure MPa Setting pressure range MPa 1.6 0.06 ~ 0.1 0.1 ~ 0.16 0.16 ~ 0.25 0.25 ~ 0.4 0.4 ~ 0.6 0.6 ~ 0.8 0.8 ~ 1.0 1.0 ~ 1.3 1.3 ~ 1.6 2.5 1.3 ~ 1.6 1.6 ~ 2.0 2.0 ~ 2.5 4.0 1.3 ~ 1.6 1.6 ~ 2.0 2.0 ~ 2.5 2.5 ~ 3.2 3.2 ~ 4.0 6.4 2.5 ~ 3.2 3.2 ~ 4.0 4.0 ~ 5.0 5.0 ~ 6.4 10.0 4.0 ~ 5.0 5.0 ~ 6.4 6.4 ~ 8.0 8.0 ~ 10.0 16.0 10 ~ 13 13 ~ 16 32.0 16 ~ 19 19 ~ 22 22 ~ 25 25 ~ 29 29 ~ 32 Spring-type Closed spring loaded full bore type-high pressure safety valvesafety valve of the main parts and materials Part Name Body Material Code C I P V R Valve body, valve cover WCB ZGCr5M 0 ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti ZG12CrMoV 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti Valve valve stem 2Cr13 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18N12Mo2T Guide sleeve, recoil plate 2Cr13 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18Ni9Ti 1Cr18N12Mo2T Sealing surface material Co-based alloys Co-based alloys Co-based alloys Co-based alloys Co-based alloys Spring 50CrVA 50CrVA 50CrVA (coated with fluorine plastic) 50CrVA 50CrVA (coated with fluorine plastic) Spring-type safety valve operation and elimination of common faults Failure Cause Analysis and Elimination Methods Valve leakage • in ensuring the installation of the proper circumstances, may be sandwiched between the sealing surface debris. Can manually open the valve several times, rushed to dirt. • sealing surface damage, sealing surface damage should be based on the degree of restoration of the sealing surface for grinding. • Due to improper assembly or pipe load and other reasons, so that part concentricity damaged, should be re-assembled. • Setting pressure valves and equipment too close to the normal working pressure, resulting in the sealing surface pressure is too low compared with. Opening pressure should be adjusted appropriately. • spring relaxation, due to such factors as high temperature or corrosion caused by springs should be replaced. If adjusted properly, you should re-check. Valves open and Closed spring loaded low lift type-high pressure safety valveclose are not crisp • adjustment ring to adjust properly, should be re-adjusted. Adjustment method according to product instructions. • The internal movement of parts are cards blocking phenomenon may be due to improper assembly, mixed with filth or parts caused by corrosion and other reasons, the reasons should be identified and eliminated. • discharge piping resistance is too large, insufficient to open the valve, discharge piping shall be standard layout. Opening pressure value changes • Operating temperature caused by the change. Adjustment screw can be tightened through the appropriate adjustments can also be a safety valve for use with a radiator. • spring caused by corrosion, it should be selected fluorine plastic coated spring. • back-pressure changes caused by • Internal movement parts are jamming phenomenon Valve oscillation • valve discharge capacity is too large, should be used close to the device must be rated for emissions emissions. • Import of pipe diameter is too small or too much resistance. • discharge piping resistance too. • Spring has just spent big, small spring stiffness should be used • adjustment ring to adjust properly, so that the pressure back seat is too high, should be re-adjust the adjustment ring position.
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