消防系统应用减压阀分区存在问题及对策

译文：
在高层建筑消防给水系统中，目前设计上应用减压阀进行系统竖向分区较为普遍，分析了其存在的问题及对策。 减压阀应用于给水工程，已有数十年的历史。数十年来，通过工程技术人员的不懈努力，减压阀在给水工程的应用中不断得到完善和发展－－由最初的机械减压，只减动压，不减静压，发展到目前的利用压力平衡原理减压，既减动压，又减静压。由单一的减压方式，发展到目前多元的减压方式。减压阀无论在外部形式或内部结构方面均发生了很大的变化。 减压阀由于安装简便，占用空间少，操作灵活，可根据不同的需要任意调整阀后压力以满足使用上的要求，目前在管道工程特别是给水管道工程中得到广泛的应用。 减压阀属于精密阀门。无论是比例式减压阀或平衡式减压阀、先导式减压阀，均是利用压力平衡的原理来进行工作的，阀前的压力流体通过压力平衡孔或压力平衡引导管进入阀腔，控制阀后的压力以达到减压的目的。 在高层建筑生活给水、消防供水系统中，为了减少加压水泵房面积、降低设备投资、简化系统，设计人往往利用减压阀进行系统的竖向分区。 在生活给水系统中，由于对生活水水质要求较高，水中不允许有杂质存在，管道中设置减压阀，利用减压阀减压供水不会有什么问题。但为了安全起见，在减压阀前需要设置管道过滤器，阻隔万一存在于管道中的杂质，以免杂质堵塞压力平衡孔或压力平衡引导管造成减压阀动作失灵。 在消防给水系统中，我们对消防用水的水质要求是不高的，水中允许杂质的存在。在消防给水系统管道的选材方面，为了满足系统的压力要求和耐温要求，目前一般选用镀锌钢管或镀锌无缝钢管。由于消防系统管道中的水长期处于相对静止的状态，水中的氢、氧离子对管内壁会造成腐蚀，引起管内壁镀锌层的剥落。因此，虽说消防水池储存的消防水可能是较为干净的市政自来水，但消防系统一旦动作，从管道中喷出来的水就不一定是干净的水，往往是带有较多杂质的铁锈水。消防给水系统管道中设减压阀，会因杂质的堵塞而导致减压阀的动作失灵，使减压阀后管道水流不畅或超压。在减压阀前设置管道过滤器，则因过滤器所带滤网面积极其有限，而消防系统管道中所存在的杂质较多，十分容易引起过滤器的堵塞，致使通过减压阀的流量无法满足设计流量的要求。新安装的管道系统，由于根据管道安装、验收规程，竣工前施工人员要对所有安装管道进行冲洗，对所有的阀门、管道、管道附件都要进行细致的检查，加上系统新装管道内壁腐蚀不严重，采用减压阀分区设置方式，对系统的运行不会造成太大的影响。但工程竣工验收、投入使用以后，随着使用时间的延长，管内壁的腐蚀将会逐渐加重，管道内壁镀锌层剥落，水中的杂质逐渐增加，对系统的运行就会造成很大的影响。虽然按照防火责任制的要求，使用者将会定期对消防系统进行检查、试验，但这种检查和试验都是局部的、小范围的。检查试验时，消火栓系统的流量要求、工作时间要求、自动喷水灭火系统作用面积下喷头同时动作的要求，均与实际火灾对系统工作的要求存在很大的差距。系统工作时用水量越大，管道中流速越大，时间越长，管道内壁腐蚀层的剥落就会越严重，对减压阀、对管道过滤器造成的影响就越大。平时对消防系统进行的低强度的检查、试验，往往不容易发现问题，这更成为系统正常工作的隐患。 通过以上的分析，希望能引起设计人员和消防管理人员的注意。笔者主张高层建筑中的消防供水 系统包括消火栓供水系统和自动喷水灭火系统，在需要对系统进行竖向分区时，应尽量避免采用减压阀进行减压分区。因减压阀一旦失灵，减压阀后的整个消防分区系统将会受到影响。 当建筑物不是很高地面以上不超过100m高度的建筑时，消防供水系统竖向分区一般不会超过三个，最有效、最安全的竖向供水分区应是并联供水分区。即采用不同扬程的水泵，分别向各个竖向分区系统管网供水。由于各分区相对独立，供水的安全性能得到保障，各分区供水的压力也能得到有效的控制。近年来，国内多家水泵厂相继推出多出口消防水泵，在减少设备数量、缩小泵房面积的前提下，使并联分区供水更为现实。超过100m的高层建筑，除采用并联分区供水的方式以外，也可以利用高层建筑中间的避难层设置水泵，采用水泵串联加压的分区供水方式。

“ Fire System Application Valve Problems and Countermeasures Division ”是由中国减压阀网提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国减压阀网还提供相关产品搜索：减压阀型号、减压阀价格、减压阀技术、减压阀新闻、减压阀生产商等。

原文：
In the high-rise building fire water supply system, the current design of the systematic application of pressure reducing valve vertical partition is more common, an analysis of its problems and countermeasures. Valves used in water supply projects, for several decades. For decades, through the tireless efforts of engineers and technicians, valve applications in water supply project has beenReducing Valves refined and developed - from the initial mechanical decompression, only reduced dynamic pressure, static pressure not reduced, to the current use of Pressure balance principle of stress reduction, not only by dynamic pressure, but also reduce static pressure. Decompression by a single approach to the current multi-decompression method. Regulator in terms of external form or internal structure, great changes have occurred. Valves due to easy installation, take up less space, flexible operation, can be adjusted according to different needs of any back pressure valve in order to meet the requirements of the use of the current projects in the pipeline, especially in water supply pipeline project to be widely used. Valves are precision valves. Whether it is proportional valve or a balanced pressure reducing valve, pilot-type valve, which were used to carry out the principle of pressure balance work, the pressure of fluid through the valve before the pressure balance hole or pressure balance valve guide tube into the cavity, After the pressure control valve in order to achieve the purpose of decompression. Living in high-rise buildings water supply, fire water supply system, in order to reduce the pressure pump house area, reduce equipment investment, simplify systems, designersDirectly acting Pressure reducing valve often take advantage of the vertical valve for system partition. Water supply system in their lives, because of water quality of life are higher, and the existence of impurities in the water does not allow the pipeline to set valve, vacuum valve water use will not have any problems. However, for safety reasons, before the need to set the valve pipe filters, barrier if impurities exist in the pipeline in order to avoid clogging impurities pressure balance hole or pressure balance and guide tube failure caused by valve movement. In the fire water supply system, our water quality requirements for fire is not high, the water to allow the presence of impurities. In the fire water system piping material selection, in order to meet the system requirements and temperature requirements of the pressure, at present generally used in galvanized steel or galvanized seamless steel pipe. As the fire protection system piping in the water a long time in a relatively static state of the water hydrogen and oxygen ions can cause corrosion on the pipe wall, causing canal wall galvanized layer peeling off. Thus, although the fire water, fire water storage may be relatively clean municipal tap water, but the fire protection system once the action from the exhaust pipe to the water will not necessarily clean water, often with more impurities in the water rust. Fire water system pipeline is located valve will be blocked due to impurities caused by valve failure of the action, so that poor water pressure reducing valve after the piping, or overpressure. In the valve pre-set channel filters, filter area due to filter brought about by very limited, while the fire protection system piping in a lot of impurities exist in very easily lead to filter blockage, resulting in the flow through the valve can not be to meet the design flow requirements. The newly installed pipeline system, as under the pipe installation, acceptance of order, before the completion of all construction workers to install the pipeline flush of all valves, piping, piping accessories should be careful examination, coupled with newly installed pipeline wall corrosion of the system is not serious, using valve area is set way of running the system will not cause too much impact. However, project completion and acceptance, put into use after the extension with the use of time, tube wall will gradually increase the corrosion of the pipeline wall zinc coating spalling, impurities in the water gradually increased, the operation of the system will cause a great impact. While the accountability requirements in accordance with fire prevention, fire fighting system users will regularly inspect, test, but such inspection and testing are local, small in scope. Check test, fire hydrant system flow requirements, working time requirements, the role of an area of sprinkler system at the same time the action required under the sprinklers are working with the actual requirements of the system of fire there is a big gap. When the water system work the greater the larger the pipe flow, the longer the pipeline corrosion layer peeling off wall will be more severe, the valve on the pipe filters the greater the impact. Usually carried out on the low-intensity fire system inspection, testing is often not easy to find problems, which have become the system work properly hidden. Through the above analysis, hoping to lead the design and fire management officers. I advocated high-rise building in the fire hydrant water supply system, including water supply systems and automatic sprinkler system, the need for vertical system partition should try to avoid using pressure reducing valve for decompression partition. Once the result of valve failure, valve area after the fire the whole system will be affected. When the building is not very high above ground not more than 100m high building, the fire water supply systems are generally not more than three vertical partitions, the mostPressure reducing valve effective and safest partition should be parallel vertical water supply district. Namely, different lift pump, respectively, to various vertical partition system of water supply pipe network. As a result of relatively independent district, water supply safety performance are guaranteed, the pressure on district water supply can be effectively controlled. In recent years, the domestic pump factory have launched a number of multi-outlet fire pumps, in reducing the number of devices, reduce pumping station under the premise of the area, so that more realistic parallel regional water supply. More than 100m high-rise buildings, in addition to using the way of water supply in parallel outside the district, high-rise buildings can also be used to set the middle of the refuge floor pump, water pump in series with the partition of water supply pressure.