阀门的八种分类

译文：
通过改变管道路断面可以控制管道内流体流动的装置，均称为阀门或阀件。阀门在管路中主要起到的作用是：接通或截断介质；防止介质倒流；调节介质的压力、流量等参数；分离、混合或分配介质；防止介质压力超过规定数值，以保管路或容器、设备的安全。 随着现代科学技术的发展，阀门在工业、建筑、农业、国防、科研以及人民生活等方面使用日益普遍，现已成为人类活动的各个领 域中不可缺少的通用机械产品。 阀门在管道工程上有着广泛的应用，由于使用目的不同，阀门的类型多种多样。特别是近年来阀门的新结构、新材料、新用途不断发展。为了统一制造标准，也为了正确选用和识别阀门，为了便于生产、安装和更换，阀门的品种规格正向标准化、通用化、系列化方向发展。 阀门的分类： 工业用阀门诞生在蒸汽机发明之后，近二三十年来，由于石油、化工、电站、治金、船舶、核能、宇航等方面的需要，对阀门提出了更高的要求，使人们研究和生产高参数的阀门，其工作温度从超低温－269℃到高温1200℃，甚至高达3430℃；工作压力从超真空1.33×10－8Pa(1×10¯10mmHg)到超高压1460MPa；阀门的通径从1mm到6000mm，甚至达到9750mm。阀门的材料从 铸铁、碳素钢，发展到钛及钛合金钢等，还有高强耐腐蚀钢、低温钢和耐热钢阀门。阀门的驱动方式从动发展到电动、气动、液动，直至程控、数空、遥控等。阀门的加工工艺也从普通机床到流水线、自动线。 根据启闭阀门的作用不同，阀门的分类方法很多，这里介绍下列几种。 1. 按作用和用途分类 (1) 截断阀：截断阀又称闭路阀，其作用是接通或截断管路中的介质。截断阀类包括闸阀、截止阀、旋塞阀、球阀、蝶阀和隔膜等。 (2) 止回阀：止回阀又称单向阀或逆止阀，其作用是防止管路中的介质倒流。水泵吸水关的底阀也属于止回阀类。 (3) 安全阀：安全阀类的作用是防止管路或装置中的介质压力超过规定数值，从而达到安全保护的目的。 (4) 调节阀：调节阀类包括调节阀、节流阀和减压阀，其作用是调节介质的压力、流量等叁数。 (5) 分流阀：分流阀类包括各种分配阀和疏水阀等，其作用是分配、分离或混合管路中的介质。 2. 按公称压力分类 (1) 真空阀：指工作压力低于标准大气压的阀门。 (2) 低压阀：指公称压力PN ≤1.6Mpa 的阀门。 (3) 中压阀：指公称压力PN 为2.5、4.0、6.4Mpa的阀门。 (4) 高压阀：指工称压力PN 为10～80Mpa的阀门。 (5) 超高压阀：指公称压力 PN≥100Mpa的阀门。 3. 按工作温度分类 (1) 超低温阀：用于介质工作温度 t<－100℃的阀门。 (2) 低温阀：用于介质工作温度－100℃≤t≤－40℃的阀门。 (3) 常温阀：用于介质工作温度－40℃≤t≤120℃的阀门。 (4) 中温阀：用于介质工作温度120℃ (5) 高温阀：用于介质工作温度t>450℃的阀门。 4. 按驱动方式分类 (1) 自动阀是指不需要外力驱动，而是依靠介质自身的能量来使阀门动作的阀门。如安全阀、减压阀、疏水阀、止回阀、自动调节阀等。 (2) 动力驱动阀：动力驱动阀可以利用各种动力源进行驱动。 电动阀：借助电力驱动的阀门。 气动阀：借助压缩空气驱动的阀门。 液动阀：借助油等液体压力驱动的阀门。 此外还有以上几种驱动方式的组合，如气-电动阀等。 (3) 手动阀：手动阀借助手轮、手柄、杠杆、链轮，由人力来操纵阀门动作。当阀门启闭力矩较大时，可在手轮和阀杆之间设置此轮或蜗轮减速器。必要时，也可以利用万向接头及传动轴进行远距离操作。 综上所述，阀门分类方法是很多的，但主要是按其在管路中所起的作用进行分类。工业和民用工程中的通用阀门可分成11类，即闸阀、截止阀、旋塞阀、球阀、蝶阀、 隔 膜阀、止回阀、节流阀、安全阀、减压阀和疏水阀。其他特殊阀门，如仪表用阀、液压控制管路系统用阀，各种化工机械设备本体用阀等，均不在本书介绍范围以内。 5. 按公称通径分类 (1)小通径阀门：公称通径DN≤40mm的阀门。 (2)中通径阀门：公称通径DN为50～300mm的阀门。 (3)大通径阀门：公称阀门DN为350～1200mm的阀门。 (4)特大通径阀门：公称通径DN≥1400mm的阀门。 6. 按结构特征分类 (1)截门形：启闭件(阀瓣)由阀杆带动沿着阀座中心线作升降运动； (2)旋塞形：启闭件(闸阀)由阀杆带动沿着垂直于阀座中心线作升降运动； (3)旋塞阀：启闭件(锥塞或球) 围绕自身中心线旋转； (4)旋启阀：启闭件(阀瓣) 围绕座外的轴旋转； (5)蝶行：启闭件(圆盘) 围绕阀座内的固定轴旋转； (6)滑阀行：启闭件在垂直于通道的方向滑动。 7. 按连接方法分类 (1)螺纹连接阀门：阀体带有内螺纹或外螺纹，与管道螺纹连接。 (2)法兰连接阀门：阀体带有法兰，与管道法兰连接。 (3)焊接连接阀门：阀体带有焊接坡口，与管道焊接连接。 (4)卡箍连接阀门：阀体带有夹口，与管道夹箍连接。 (5)卡套连接阀门：与管道采用卡套连接。 (6)对夹连接阀门：用螺栓直接将阀门及两头管道穿夹在一起的连接形式。 8. 按阀体材料分类 (1)金属材料阀门：其阀体等零件由金属材料制成。如铸铁阀、碳钢阀、合金钢阀、铜合金阀、铝合金阀、铅合金阀、钛合金阀、蒙乃尔合金阀等。 (2)非金属材料阀门：其阀体等零件由非金属材料制成。如塑料阀、陶 阀、搪 阀、玻璃钢阀等。 (3)金属阀体衬里阀门：阀体外形为金属，内部凡与介质接触的主要表面均为衬里，如衬胶阀、 衬塑料阀、衬陶阀等。

“ The eight categories valve ”是由中国气动阀门网提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国气动阀门网还提供相关产品搜索：气动阀门型号、气动阀门价格、气动阀门技术、气动阀门新闻、气动阀门生产商等。

原文：
The road cross-section by changing the tube fluid flow inside the pipe can be controlled device, are known as valves or valves. Valve in the main role of the pipeline are: connect or disconnect medium; to prevent the media back; regulate media pressure, flow and other parameters; separation, mixing or distribution medium; to prevent the medium pressure exceeding the prescribed value, in order to keep road or containers, equipment safety. Along with the development of modern science and technology, valves in the industrial, construction, agriculture, national defense, scientific research and the people's life, and so the increasing use of human activity has become indispensable in all areas of general-purpose machinery. Valve in the pipeline engineering has been widely used, due to the use of different purposes are differentBall Valves types of valves. Especially in recent years the new structure of the valve, new materials and new uses continue to develop. In order to create a unified standard, but also to the correct selection and identification of valves, in order to facilitate the production, installation and replacement, the valve types specifications being standardized, universal, serial direction. Valve Category: Industrial valves was born after the invention of the steam engine over the past two or three decades, due to petroleum, chemical, power station, metallurgy, shipbuilding, nuclear, aerospace and other needs, to put forward higher requirements on the valve so that people study and the production of high parameters of the valve, its working temperature from -269 ℃ ultra-low temperature to high-temperature 1200 ℃, and even as high as 3430 ℃; working pressure from the ultra-vacuum 1.33 × 10-8Pa (1 × 10 ¯ 10mmHg) to ultra-high pressure 1460MPa; Valve diameter from 1mm to 6000mm, even up to 9750mm. The valve material from cast iron, carbon steel, titanium and titanium alloy developed into steel, as well as high-strength corrosion resistant steel, cold steel and heat-resistant steel valves. Driven development of valve-driven approach to electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, until the program-controlled, the number of empty, remote control and so on. Processing the valve to the pipeline from general machine tools, automatic lines. The role of open and close the valve according to different classification of the valve are many ways to be introduced here the following types. 1. According to the role and use classification (1) cut off valve: also known as block valve closed valve, whose role is to connect or disconnect piping in the media. Cut off valves, including gate valve, globe valve, plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and divide. (2) Check: Check is also called one-way valve or check valve, and its role is to prevent the pipeline back in the media. Pump suction valve off the bottom also belongs to valve type. (3) safety valve: the role of safety valve type or devices to prevent the pipeline in the medium pressure exceeding a specified value, so as to achieve security objectives. (4) regulating valve: Regulating Valves including control valve, throttle, and pressure reducing valve, and its role in the regulation of media pressure, flow, and other parameter. (5) shunt valve: the allocation of shunt valves including valves and steam traps, etc., whose role is the allocation of separate or mixed media pipeline. 2. According to nominalCheck Valves pressure classification (1) Vacuum Valve: refers to the pressure below standard atmospheric pressure valve. (2) low pressure valves: refers to nominal pressure PN ≤ 1.6Mpa valve. (3) medium-pressure valve: 2.5,4.0,6.4 Mpa refers to nominal pressure PN for the valve. (4) high-pressure valve: the pressure that workers called PN for 10 ~ 80Mpa valve. (5) ultra-high pressure valves: refers to nominal pressure PN ≥ 100Mpa valve. 3. By working temperature classification (1) ultra-low temperature valves: for medium temperature t <-100 ℃ valve. (2) cryogenic valves: for media, working temperature -100 ℃ ≤ t ≤ -40 ℃ valve. (3) at room temperature valves: for medium working temperature -40 ℃ ≤ t ≤ 120 ℃ valve. (4), the temperature valves: for medium working temperature 120 ℃ (5) high temperature valves: for medium temperature t> 450 ℃ valve. 4. By driving method classification (1) Automatic valve is no external drive, but on media's own energy to make the valve action of the valve. Such as safety valves, pressure reducing valve, trap, check valve, automatic regulating valve. (2) The power-driven valve: power-driven valve can be used to drive a variety of power sources. Electric Valves: With electric valve. Pneumatic valve: use of compressed air-driven valve. Hydraulic Valve: With oil, the liquid pressure-driven valve. In addition, there are several drivers for more than a combination of methods, such as gas - electric valve. (3) Manual Valves: manual valves with hand wheels, handles, levers, sprocket, from human resources to manipulate the valve action. When the valve open and close torque is large, can be placed between the hand wheel and stem the current round, or worm reducer. When necessary, can make use of universal joints and drive shafts for remote operation. To sum up, the valve classification method are many, but mainly in the pipeline according to their role in the classification. Industrial and civil engineering in general-purpose valves can be divided into 11 categories, namely, gate valve, globe valve, plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, diaphragm valves, check valve, throttle valve, safety valve, reducing valve and steam trap . Other special valves, such as the instrument with valves, hydraulic control valve piping systems, all kinds of chemical machinery and equipment used valve body, are not within the scope of this book describes. 5. According to DN Categories (1) Small diameter valves: Nominal diameter DN ≤ 40mm valve. (2) Diameter Valve: Nominal diameter DN of 50 ~ 300mm valve. (3) Chase Drive Valve: Nominal valve DN is 350 ~ 1200mm valve. (4) large diameter valves: nominal diameter DN ≥ 1400mm valve. 6. By structural characteristics of classification (1) The cut-off gate-shaped: hoist parts (Valve valve) from stem to lifting driven movement along the centerline of the valve seat; (2) cock-shaped: open and close parts (valve) driven by the stem along the axis perpendicular to the valve seat for lifting movement; (3) Plug Valve: hoist parts (tapered plug or the ball) around its own axis rotation; (4) Swing Valve: hoist parts (valve flap) around the block outside the shaft rotation; (5) Butterfly line: openGate Valves and close parts (disk) around a fixed axis within the valve seat; (6) slide-valve line: open and close parts in the direction perpendicular to the sliding channel. 7. According to connection method classification (1) threaded connection valves: valve with internal thread or external thread, and pipe thread connection. (2) The flange valve: valve body with a flange, with the pipe flange connection. (3) Welding Connection Valve: Valve with welding groove, and pipe welding connection. (4) clamp to connect the valve: body with joints, and piping connections clip hoop. (5) card sets to connect the valve: use of card sets and pipeline connections. (6) clip to connect the valve: The two bolts directly to the valves and piping connections to wear the form of clips. 8. Classified by body material (1) Metal Material Valves: its body and other parts of metal materials. Such as cast iron valves, carbon steel valves, alloy steel valves, copper alloy valves, aluminum valves, lead alloy valves, titanium valves, Monel valve. (2) non-metallic materials valve: its body and other parts from non-metallic materials. Such as plastic valves, ceramic valves, valve sugar, glass, steel valve. (3) Metal Body lining valve: body shape metal, interior where the main point of contact with the media are lining the surface, such as rubber lined valves, plastic valves lining, lining ceramic valve.